Network Connectivity HW

Module

1. CFP - Probably the old big double square SC sized module on (cisco) swtiches, low port density per blade
3. SFP = Small Form Factor Pluggable, two lanes.
4. SFP+ (10g Twinax, ethenet "GBIC" to fiber optic module). nearly square rectangle
5. SFP28 = SFP up to 25G
6. QSFP: Qaud SFP. Infiniband QDR, FDR, EDR. 40-gbps Ethenet. Wider rectangle than SFP
7. QSFP+:
8. QSFP28: same size as QSFP. Can use 100GBASE-SR4. EDR - 4 lanes of 25.78 Gbps
9. QSFP56: same size as QSFP. Can use 200GBASE-SR4. HDR - 4 lanes of 50 Gbps
11. QSFP-DD: even wider than QSFP. 8 lanes of 200/400 (eg on 2nd port of a Mellanox IB card)
12. OSFP : octal SFP - 8 lanes of 400

Connector

1. RJ45
3. LC: narrow/compact connector for use with SFP transceivers, fit the width of SFP module
4. SC (?): older wider optic for use with GBIC transceiver (from early 90s), need the width of (?CFP) module.
6. MPO/MTP-8,
7. MPO/MTP-12 - the oversized-RJ45 looking connector that has 8 or 12 fibers in it for the QSFP sized optic transceiver ?
8. MTP : more freq use as trunk cables ?
10. DAC - Direct Attach Copper
11. AOC - Active Optical Cable. eg fiber fused to QSFP adapter

1. 100GBASE-SR4 vs 100GBASE-SR10.
   • both intnded to transmit at 100Gbps.
   • SR4 has 4 pairs of fiber, each at 25 Gbps.
   • SR10 use 10-pairs, each at 10 Gbps.
   • SR4 has higher port density, fit in QSFP28
   • SR10 (need?) to use the bigger connector, CFP.
   • ref: http://www.fiber-optic-transceiver-module.com/100gbase-sr4-vs-100gbase-sr10.html

Optic cables

1. Single-mode: For Long Range eg between buildings
2. Multi-mode: for Short Range.
4. SR - Short Range. max 100 meter. often 850nm ?
5. LR - Long Range.

OM

Cisco 100G-QSFP28-SR4: uses a 12-fiber standard QSFP MPO/MTP cable for connectivity 
(4 Tx and 4 Rx, each lane providing 25 Gbps of throughput) 

100GBASE-SR10 optics use a 2×12-fiber or 24-fiber strand MPO/MTP cable for connectivity 
(10 Tx and 10 Rx, each lane providing 10 Gbps of throughput).


MMF = Parallel Multi-Mode ribbon Fiber

MMF FDDI
MMF OM1 
MMF OM2

Laser optimized multimode fiber oft use with 100GBASE
MMF OM3 - 50/125 um (2003) 1500 MHz*km @ 850nm -- OFNP ?
MMF OM4 - 50/125 um (2008) 3500 MHz*km @ 850nm -- Plunum ?

MMF OM5
SMF OS1 
SMF OS2

Electrical Plug Type

Table 1: Most commonly used Receptacles in Data Center.
(NEMA) 5-15P	115 V, 15 AMP, Plug Standard US 3 plunge household connector.
(NEMA) 5-15R	115 V, 15 AMP, Receptacle (Socket)
(NEMA) 5-20P	115 V, 20 AMP, Plug Variation of std US 3 plunge plug, with one "horizontal" connector
(NEMA) 5-20R	115 V, 20 AMP, Receptacle
(NEMA) L5-20P	Twist Lock, 115 V, 20 AMP, Plug
(NEMA) L21-L20P	Lock, 205 V, 20 AMP, Plug. This is a 3 phase Y, 20A plug with ground in the middle pin, 4 pins on a circumference, one with a locking notch. Maybe a safer design than L6-20. But PDU I have seen so far for them always have 5-20 outlets, never seen them with 208V capable C13 outlets, which maybe why they were phased out in favor the L6-30. Additional ref, diagrams from customAVrack.com
(NEMA) L21-L20R	Lock, 205 V, 20 AMP, Receptacle
(NEMA) L5-20R	Twist Lock, 115 V, 20 AMP, Receptacle
(NEMA) L5-30	Twist Lock, 115 V, 30 AMP
(NEMA) L6-20P	Twist Lock, 220 V, 20 AMP, Plug
(NEMA) L6-20R	Twist Lock, 220 V, 20 AMP, Receptacle
(NEMA) L6-30P	Lock, 220 V, 30 AMP, Plug
(NEMA) L6-30R	Lock, 220 V, 30 AMP, Receptacle
Hubbell 60Amp	60Amp 3-phase military grade connector :) IEC 60309. These seems to be color coded, so this typle is always in blue. For data center installation this is the only pig-tail i have seen. PIN & SLEEVE PLUG 60AMP 3Phase 250VAC 3P 4W IP67 WATERTIGHT Should be 60A per Line (phase). 80% continuous draw - 48A. Multiply by 3 lines of 120V each, get 17.3 kVA. 17.3 kW is a common rating for rack PDU with such 60A plug, eg APC .

conductor size and current rating

1. awg 14 wire for 15 amp circuit
2. awg 12 wire for 20 amp circuit
3. awg 10 wire for 30 amp circuit

Table 2: Common plug types for Servers.
In IEC scheme, odd numbers are receptors, even are plugs (the ones with the pin out). In a politically incorrect mnemonics, females are odd, males are even.
IEC C13 (10A) vs UL/CSA C13 (15A)	115V or 220V, 10 Amp. Standard computer power cord. This plug connects to C14. A power cord would have a plug on it (left picture). A socket/receptacle version is used on the surge bars (right picture). US use newer UL/CSA standard. Rest of world use originall IEC standard.  both use the number 60320-1.   15 Amp rating per UL 498. ref: Interpower post
IEC C14	Counterpart of C13. Standard computer power supply AC inlet socket, or for cord in new cabinet power distribution bar. A cord with IEC C13 on one end and IEC C14 on the other can be plugged in end to end and work as an extension cord. This is an international standard server power cord, works on 115V or 220V. The back panel of equipment would have a socket/receptacle/inlet on it (left picture). Whereas on a power cord, it would be called a plug (right picture).
IEC C15	Slightly diff than C13 in that it has a notch. e.g. used by HP-UX rack servers. This one can plug into C14, but specific C16 socket require this plug connector.
IEC C16	Socket for C15.
IEC C19	Typically used in large servers and chassis for modular/blade server. Rated 16A Max
IEC C20	Male counterpart of C19

Table 3: Other computer plugs.
IEC C5 and IEC C6	Compact 3 plonges connector. e.g. Dell laptop power supply AC input
IEC C7 and IEC C8	Compact 2 plonges connector. e.g. Dell laptop power supply AC input.

Etc

Table 2: Misc.
Sun DB25 serial to RJ45 console port wiring

SATA vs SAS vs NVME, connector diagram

Source and more details:

Recommended Gears

• NEMA 5-20P w/ matching outlet (low density, low power consumption use, 115V).
• NEMA L6-30P w/ IEC C13R receptacle (high power hunker use, 208V).

Power Rating

60 Amp Hubbell PDU with 208V outlets:

208V * 60 Amp * sqrt(3) * 80% = 17.2 kVA (which work out to same as kW IIRC).

Links

[Doc URL: tiny.cc/plugs]
[Doc URL: http://tin6150.github.io/psg/plug/plug.html]

Last updated: 2022-07-07
(cc) Tin Ho. See main page for copyright info.

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